Human herpesvirus 6 in transplant recipients: An update on diagnostic and treatment strategies

Purpose of Review: This review article focuses on recent advances in the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplant recipients. Recent Findings: Over the past few years, key studies have broadened our understanding of best practices for the prevention and treatment of HHV-6B encephalitis after transplantation. Moreover, important data have been reported that support a potential role of HHV-6B reactivation in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease and lower respiratory tract disease in transplant recipients. Finally, increasing recognition of inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6) and an expanding array of diagnostic tools have increased our understanding of the potential for complications related to viral reactivation originating from iciHHV-6 in donor allografts and recipients. Summary: Recent advances in diagnostic tools, disease associations, and potential treatments for HHV-6B present abundant opportunities for improving our understanding and management of this complex virus in transplant recipients.