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Humanity is facing many challenges associated with population growth and shift in the setting of predicted climate change and global warming. These changes are expected to impose economic, political, and sociological challenges. Such changes will further introduce significant impediments to the functioning of global public health systems through the increasing risk of emerging infectious diseases. These issues are of utmost importance for investigation, in order to understand the future epidemiological map and predict disease outbreaks. The current chapter will address these challenges within the field of emerging infectious diseases and the impact on transplant donors and recipients, including the spread of vector-borne diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging fungal infections. Solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at risk for various infectious diseases including but not limited to donor-derived infections, reactivation of latent infections, or de novo infections. Therefore, understanding the effect of climate change and population shift on the future epidemiology of infectious diseases is imperative to the field of transplant infectious diseases.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01751-4_4-1