Results – TransplantID

Introduction Noroviral infection can lead to chronic diarrhea in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing literature has described a wide spectrum of illness and has not come to a consensus on the optimal management of this condition. Methods We undertook a retrospective review of all adult SOT recipients between 1/1/2018 and 12/31/2020 who were diagnosed with their first episode of noroviral diarrhea (NVD). Demographic, clinical...

How I approach diarrhea in hematological transplant patients: A practical tool

Castillo Almeida, N. E., Cichon, C. J., & Gomez, C. A. - 2023 - Transplant Infectious Disease, 25(S1), e14184

Diarrhea in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a multifactorial challenge that demands a nuanced diagnostic approach. The causes of infectious diarrhea in HSCT recipients are diverse and influenced by patient-specific risk factors, the post-transplant timeline, and local epidemiology. During the past decade, our understanding of diarrhea in HSCT has witnessed a transformative shift through the incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction...

Nitazoxanide treatment for norovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients

Hedvat, J., Salerno, D. M., Kovac, D., … Lange, N. W. - 2022 - Clinical Transplantation

Resolution of Cryptosporidiosis in Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Presentation of a Renal Transplant Patient Treated With Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, and Rifaximin

Tomczak, E., McDougal, A. N., & White, A. C. - 2022 - Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(1), ofab610

Background. Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, including chronic disease in malnourished children and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. There are increasing reports of cryptosporidiosis in transplant patients, especially from middle-income countries. Methods. The literature on treatment of cryptosporidiosis in transplant patients was reviewed and included no controlled trials but only small case series. Nitazoxanide, azithromycin, spiramycin,...

Norovirus in Cancer Patients: A Review

Kondapi, D. S., Ramani, S., Estes, M. K., … Okhuysen, P. C. - 2021 - Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 8(6), ofab126

Abstract Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of viral-related diarrhea in cancer patients, in whom it can be chronic, contributing to decreased quality of life, interruption of cancer care, malnutrition, and altered mucosal barrier function. Immunosuppressed cancer patients shed NoV for longer periods of time than immunocompetent hosts, favoring quasispecies development and emergence of novel NoV variants. While nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for NoV diagnosis have...

Diarrhea in the pediatric solid organ transplantation recipient: A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management

Chaudhuri, A., Goddard, E. A., Green, M., & Ardura, M. I. - 2021 - Pediatric Transplantation, 25(2), e13886

Diarrhea in the pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipient is a frequent complaint that is associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. There are limited published data regarding the specific epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of diarrhea after SOT in children. Pediatric SOT recipients have an increased risk of developing diarrhea because of a generalized immunosuppressed state, epidemiologic exposures, and polypharmacy. There is a need to...

Diarrhea in Transplant: Diagnosis and Management

Florescu, D. F., & Zimmer, A. - 2021 - In M. I. Morris, C. N. Kotton, & C. Wolfe (Eds.), Emerging Transplant Infections (pp. 1639–1660) - Springer International Publishing

Diarrhea affects up to 52% of solid organ transplant recipients and up to 80% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acute renal failure, hypotension, drug toxicity, rejection, and malnutrition. Diarrhea has a signiﬁcant impact on patients’ quality of life.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for norovirus infection: a clinical and microbiological success

Barberio, B., Massimi, D., Bonfante, L., … Cattelan, A. M. - 2020 - Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, 13, 1756284820934589

Diagnosis and management of diarrhea in solid-organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

Angarone, M., Snydman, D. R., & Practice, the A. I. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13550

These guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of diarrhea in the pre- and post-transplant period. Diarrhea in an organ transplant recipient may result in significant morbidity including dehydration, increased toxicity of medications, and rejection. Transplant recipients are affected by a wide range of etiologies of diarrhea with the most common causes being Clostridioides...

Gastrointestinal Infections and Clostridium difficile Infection

Harold, S., & DuPont, H. L. - 2019 - In A. Safdar (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases (pp. 291–301) - Springer

In recent years, extensive research and newer therapeutic strategies have remarkably reduced the number of acute and chronic rejections and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and have significantly improved the survival of transplant recipients. On the other hand, transplant recipients are more vulnerable to a wide range of infections as immunosuppressive therapies not only suppress host T-cell response but also destroy other rapidly dividing cells resulting in neutropenia and...

Intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia, and Microsporidia, Entamoeba histolytica, Strongyloides, Schistosomiasis, and Echinococcus: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice

La Hoz, R. M., Morris, M. I., & Practice, on behalf of the A. I. D. C. of - 2019 - Clinical Transplantation, 33(9), e13618

These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of intestinal parasites in the pre- and post-transplant period. Intestinal parasites are prevalent in the developing regions of the world. With increasing travel to and from endemic regions, changing immigration patterns, and the expansion of transplant medicine in developing countries, they are increasingly recognized as a...

Enterovirus Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts

Schaenman, J. M. D., Ho, D. Y., Baden, L. R., & Safdar, A. - 2019 - In A. Safdar (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases (pp. 711–723) - Springer

The Enteroviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses in the Picornaviridae family notable for their ability to cause a wide range of diseases, with more severe disease manifestations in the immunocompromised host. Humans are the reservoir for Enteroviridae, and person-to-person transmission occurs via the fecal-oral or respiratory route. Intact innate immune response including NK cells and macrophages plays an important role during the initial phase of infection followed by T- and B-cell...

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