Your search

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the management of histoplasmosis in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, we present 4 updated recommendations. These recommendations span treatment of asymptomatic Histoplasma pulmonary nodules (histoplasmomas), mild acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, and moderate acute pulmonary histoplasmosis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic...

Histoplasmosis is an endemic and invasive mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. We conducted a retrospective study comparing non-HIV immunosuppressed patients with a historical cohort of HIV and histoplasmosis. We included 199 patients with proven or probable histoplasmosis, of which 25.1% were non-HIV. Diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hematologic neoplasms, rheumatologic diseases and transplants were more frequent among non-HIV patients (p<0.01). Death after diagnosis...

Histoplasma capsulatum, the etiological agent for histoplasmosis, is a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the environment and as a yeast in human tissues. It has a broad global distribution with shifting epidemiology during recent decades. While in immunocompetent individuals infection is usually self-resolving, solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of symptomatic disease with dissemination to extrapulmonary tissue. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis relies on direct...

Abstract Background Geographically endemic fungi can cause significant disease among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We provide an update on the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcomes of 5 endemic mycoses in SOT recipients. Methods Multiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 2023 using key words for endemic fungi (e.g. Coccidioidomycosis or Coccidioides,...

Background Donor-derived endemic mycoses are infrequently reported. We summarized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these infections to provide guidance to transplant clinicians. Methods Multiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 31, 2023 using endemic fungi as key words (e.g., Coccidioides, histoplasma, blastomyces, talaromyces, paracoccidioides). Only donor-derived infections (DDI) were included. Results Twenty-four cases of DDI were identified from 18 published...

Fungal endocarditis accounts for 1% to 3% of all infective endocarditis cases, is associated with high morbidity and mortality (.70%), and presents numerous challenges during clinical care. Candida spp. are the most common causes of fungal endocarditis, implicated in over 50% of cases, followed by Aspergillus and Histoplasma spp. Important risk factors for fungal endocarditis include prosthetic valves, prior heart surgery, and injection drug use. The signs and symptoms of fungal endocarditis...

Histoplasmosis is a major AIDS-defining illness in Latin America. Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) is the drug of choice for treatment, but access is restricted due to the high drug and hospitalization costs of the conventional long regimens.Prospective randomized multicenter open-label trial of one or two-dose induction therapy with L-AmB versus control for disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS, followed by oral itraconazole therapy. We randomized subjects to: (i) Single dose 10 mg/kg of...

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease associated with soil exposure that frequently goes undiagnosed due at least in part to its nonspecific presentation and the lack of clinical suspicion by health care providers. Currently available diagnostics for coccidioidomycosis offer qualitative results that can suffer from low specificity, while semiquantitative assays are labor-intensive and complex and can require multiple days to complete. Furthermore, significant confusion exists regarding the...

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection with a range of clinical manifestations. Currently used antifungal agents exhibit variable efficacy and toxicity profiles necessitating evaluation of additional therapeutic options. Improvement was observed in the majority of patients treated with isavuconazole, with clinical failures observed only in those with coccidioidal meningitis.

The dimorphic mycoses (DM) of the United States, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Blastomyces, commonly known as endemic mycoses of North America (in addition to Paracoccidioides), are increasingly being diagnosed outside their historical areas of endemicity. Despite this trend, the maps outlining their geographical distributions have not been updated in more than half a century using a large, nationwide database containing individual patient-level data.Retrospective analysis of >45 million...

Abstract Background Histoplasmosis is a common cause of invasive fungal infection in endemic regions and accurate diagnosis is difficult without direct tissue culture or pathology. Indirect fungal antigen testing for various fungal pathogens are typically performed to assist with diagnostic workup, though cross-reaction can lead to difficulty in interpreting results. We aimed to compare indirect fungal diagnostic tests and evaluate prevalence of...

Abstract Central nervous system infection with Coccidioides spp. is fatal if untreated and complications occur even when therapy is directed by experienced clinicians. We convened a panel of clinicians experienced in the management of coccidioidal meningitis to summarize current controversies and provide consensus for the management of this difficult infection.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), initially reported in 1908 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, by Adolpho Lutz, is primarily a systemic and neglected tropical mycosis that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around Latin America, especially Brazil. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis sensu stricto , a classical thermodimorphic fungus associated with PCM, was long considered to represent a monotypic taxon. However, advances in molecular taxonomy...

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis are underdiagnosed fungal diseases that often mimic bacterial or viral pneumonia and can cause disseminated disease and death. These diseases are caused by inhalation of fungal spores that have distinct geographic niches in the environment (e.g., soil or dust), and distribution is highly susceptible to climate changes such as expanding arid regions for coccidioidomycosis, the northward expansion of histoplasmosis, and...

BACKGROUND: Lung transplant recipients residing in the endemic region are vulnerable to severe morbidity and mortality from Coccidioides. As infection risk persists beyond the first posttransplant year, investigations evaluating extended prophylaxis durations are needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of coccidioidomycosis among lung transplant recipients receiving universal lifelong azole antifungal prophylaxis. METHODS: Patients receiving transplants from 2013-2018...

Background.  Fungal infections are responsible for >1.5 million deaths globally per year, primarily in those with compromised immune function. This is concerning as the number of immunocompromised patients, especially in those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has risen in the past decade. The purpose of this analysis was to provide the current prevalence and impact of fungal disease in the United States. Methods.  We analyzed hospital discharge data from the most recent (2018)...

The quest for new antifungal and antitubercular drugs is a need of the hour because of morbid co-pathogenesis and an increase in immunocompromised patients. One of the ways forward is to explore and repurpose the established pharmacophores for the desired application. Oxazolidinones are well-known antibacterial agents, with few investigations reported to exploit their antifungal properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of linezolid-based oxazolidinones as potent...