Your search

Background: Candida species are the most common cause of invasive fungal disease, and children with hematologic malignancy are at increased risk. Non- albicans Candida (NAC) now account for more than half of all invasive candidiasis (IC) and carry a worse prognosis. We aimed to compare the epidemiology, risk factors, organ dissemination, biomarkers and outcomes in IC based on the species implicated and...

Among solid organ transplant recipients taking belatacept, 15% developed invasive fungal diseases. The most common invasive fungal diseases were aspergillosis (56%) and candidiasis (22%). The infected cohort was more likely to receive basiliximab, undergo lung transplantation, or identify as White. Higher rates of aspergillosis were seen in this lung cohort than previously reported.

Background. Invasive fungal infections are associated with high morbidity in solid organ transplant recipients. Risk factor modification may help with preventative efforts. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of fungal infections within the first year following solid organ transplant. Methods. We searched for eligible articles through February 3, 2023. Studies published after January...

Fungal endocarditis accounts for 1% to 3% of all infective endocarditis cases, is associated with high morbidity and mortality (.70%), and presents numerous challenges during clinical care. Candida spp. are the most common causes of fungal endocarditis, implicated in over 50% of cases, followed by Aspergillus and Histoplasma spp. Important risk factors for fungal endocarditis include prosthetic valves, prior heart surgery, and injection drug use. The signs and symptoms of fungal endocarditis...

Abstract Background Infectious diseases and ophthalmology professional societies have disagreed regarding ocular screening in patients with candidemia. We aimed to summarize the current evidence on the prevalence of ocular candidiasis (OC) and Candida endophthalmitis (CE) according to the standardized definitions. Methods A literature search was conducted from the inception date through 16...

Background. α-mannan from Candida albicans reportedly induces Th17-mediated pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mouse models. This study aimed to evaluate the association between candidemia and noninfectious interstitial pneumonia (IP) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Methods. Using a Japanese transplant registry database, we analyzed 9143 pediatric and adult patients with hematological malignancies who underwent their first (n = 7531) or second (n...

The Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) partnered with its Transplant Infectious Disease Special Interest Group (TID-SIG) to update its 2009 compendium-style infectious disease guidelines for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A completely new approach was taken with the goal of better serving clinical providers by publishing each standalone topic in the infectious disease series as a concise format of frequently asked...

The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients receiving a short course (SC) vs a prolonged course (PC) of antifungal therapy for uncomplicated Candida bloodstream infections (BSIs).All episodes of uncomplicated Candida BSI from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020, were reviewed. We compared the primary (all-cause 90-day mortality) and secondary study end points (1-year recurrent Candida BSI and all-cause 1-year mortality) among patients who underwent SC (5–11...

Background: Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk of candidemia, especially in the early posttransplant period. However, the specific predisposing factors have not been established. The natural history of candidemia after lung transplantation, in the absence of universal antifungal prophylaxis, is not known. Methods: We retrospectively examined the epidemiology of candidemia at any time posttransplant in patients who underwent lung transplantation at our center between 2016 and...

Background.  Fungal infections are responsible for >1.5 million deaths globally per year, primarily in those with compromised immune function. This is concerning as the number of immunocompromised patients, especially in those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has risen in the past decade. The purpose of this analysis was to provide the current prevalence and impact of fungal disease in the United States. Methods.  We analyzed hospital discharge data from the most recent (2018)...

Background Antimicrobial prophylaxis is well-accepted in the liver transplant (LT) setting. Nevertheless, optimal regimens to prevent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections are not defined. Objectives To identify the optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent post-LT bacterial, fungal, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, to improve short-term outcomes, and to provide international expert panel recommendations. Data sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated invasive fungal infections are an important complication in a substantial number of critically ill, hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three groups of fungal pathogens cause co-infections in COVID-19: Aspergillus, Mucorales and Candida species, including Candida auris. Here we review the incidence of COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections caused by these fungi in low-, middle- and high-income countries. By evaluating the epidemiology,...

Background Antifungal stewardship (AFS) has emerged as an important component of quality in managing invasive fungal infections (IFIs), and cost-benefit calculations suggest regular training in AFS is well worth the effort. Methods This review will discuss the most common IFIs in solid organ transplantation (SOT)-recipients, how to diagnose them, and current recommendations for antifungal treatment and prophylaxis before demonstrating key takeaway points of AFS in this high-risk population....

Abstract Background Invasive candidiasis is the most common invasive fungal disease in children and adolescents, but there are limited pediatric-specific antifungal effectiveness data. We compared the effectiveness of echinocandins to triazoles or amphotericin B formulations (triazole/amphotericin B) as initial directed therapy for invasive candidiasis. Methods This multinational observational...

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are one of the most feared complications associated with liver transplantation, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We discuss the most common invasive fungal infections in the setting of liver transplant, including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcal infections, and some less frequent but devastating mold infections. Further, we evaluate the use of prophylaxis to prevent invasive fungal infection in this population as a promising mechanism to...

<p>Invasive fungal infections threaten lung transplant outcomes with high associated morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic prophylaxis may be key to prevent posttransplant invasive fungal infections, but cost, adverse effects, and absorption issues are barriers to effective prophylaxis. Trends in fungal infection diagnostic strategies utilize molecular diagnostic methodologies to complement traditional histopathology and culture techniques. While lung transplant recipients are susceptible...

Candida remains a common infectious complication in the setting of solid organ transplantation. The rates of invasive Candida infection vary among organ transplant, with small bowel accounting for the majority of cases. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of Candida infections following organ transplantation. While C. albicans continues to be the most common fungal species isolated, more recent data show that non-albicans Candida species are on the rise, specifically drug-resistant...

Objectives: To compare serum b-D-glucan (BDG) levels in candidaemia with different Candida species, especially C. auris. Methods: Aga Khan University clinical laboratory database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2015 to December 2019. Blood culture positive cases with any Candida species and concomitant BDG level were included.