Your search
Results 7 resources
-
Parvovirus B19 was discovered in 1975, and the first reports associating B19 with human disease came 6 years later, when B19 was linked to cases of aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell disease. Since then, B19 infection has become a recognized infectious complication in the immunocompromised host, including persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as solid organ (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. While typically a benign, self-limited...
-
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen endemic in Africa and Europe. Recent events demonstrate the speed with which a vector-borne disease like WNV can disseminate when introduced into a susceptible, pathogen-naïve population, where competent reservoir and vectors are present. Since the arrival of WNV to the North American continent in 1999, it is estimated that 2–4 million people have been infected in the USA alone. It has special relevance to the immunocompromised host populations...
-
Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common among the general population; however, these often mild viral illnesses can lead to serious morbidity and mortality among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. The disease spectrum ranges from asymptomatic or mild infections to life-threatening lower respiratory tract infection or long-term airflow obstruction syndromes. Progression to lower respiratory tract infection or to respiratory failure is determined by...
-
Viral hepatitis remains the leading cause of liver failure and is the primary indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Hepatitis viruses are categorized into five distinct subtypes that collectively render significant morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients. Each subtype has a distinct replication pattern, pathology, and treatment. While the primary pathology mediated by these viruses occurs within the liver, significant extrahepatic disease may be observed with particular...
-
Human herpes viruses are a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that cause opportunistic infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Alpha-herpesviruses cause localized ulcerative mucosal and vesicular cutaneous lesions, with the tendency to disseminate if not treated early and aggressively. Beta-herpes viruses, discussed in this chapter such as human herpes viruses 6 and 7, may rarely cause a febrile illness and a skin rash; however, HHV6 in recipients of...
-
In the general population, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection that is frequently acquired at a young age; one in three children in the United States are infected with CMV. In patients undergoing transplantation, CMV most frequently presents as reactivation of a remotely acquired infection, whereas primary CMV infection in seronegative (−) recipients transmitted via allografts harvested from CMV-seropositive (+) donors poses the greatest threat of infection and viral end-organ...
-
Viral infections account for a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases, and the agents included in this group consist of recently identified viruses as well as previously identified viruses with an apparent increase in disease incidence. In transplant recipients, this group can include viruses with no recognized pathogenicity in immunocompetent patients and those that result in atypical or more severe disease presentations in the immunocompromised host. In this chapter, we begin by...
Filter by our tag
ORGANISMS
-
VIRUSES
- Arboviruses (1)
- CMV (1)
- Hepatitis A (1)
- Hepatitis B (1)
- Hepatitis C (1)
- HHV-6 (1)
- HHV-8 (1)
- Measles (1)
- Parvovirus B19 (1)
- Respiratory Viruses (1)
- VZV (1)
- WNV (1)