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Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) causes substantive morbidity in immunocompromised patients. The EORTC/MSGERC convened an expert group to elaborate consensus definitions for Pneumocystis disease for the purpose of interventional clinical trials and epidemiological studies and evaluation of diagnostic tests.Definitions were based on the triad of host factors, clinical-radiologic features, and mycologic tests with categorization into probable and proven Pneumocystis disease, and to be...

Detection of 1,3-β-d-glucan (BDG) in serum has been evaluated for its inclusion as a mycological criterion of invasive fungal infections (IFI) according to EORTC and Mycoses Study Group (MSG) definitions. BDG testing may be useful for the diagnosis of both invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis, when interpreted in conjunction with other clinical/radiological signs and microbiological markers of IFI. However, its performance and utility vary according to patient population...

The consensus definitions of invasive fungal diseases from the EORTC/MSGERC were recently revised and updated. They now include consensus cutoff values for the galactomannan test that support the diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis. In this supplement article, we provide a rationale for these proposed thresholds based on the test’s characteristics and performance in different patient populations and in different specimen types.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in much of the developed world are associated with medical progress. In addition to the millions of individuals worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus who constitute a significant host group, these infections are also common among other immunocompromised individuals as a reflection of technologic and therapeutic advances that have led to an enlarging susceptible host population. Examples include novel chemotherapy and other antineoplastic...

Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction testing of blood and respiratory samples has recently been included in the second revision of the EORTC/MSGERC definitions for classifying invasive fungal disease. This is a result of considerable efforts to standardize methodology, the availability of commercial assays and external quality control programs, and additional clinical validation. This supporting article provides both clinical and technical justifications for its inclusion while also...

Objectives: To compare serum b-D-glucan (BDG) levels in candidaemia with different Candida species, especially C. auris. Methods: Aga Khan University clinical laboratory database was retrospectively reviewed from January 2015 to December 2019. Blood culture positive cases with any Candida species and concomitant BDG level were included.

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ...

Several case reports and cohort studies have examined the use of (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement with cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose fungal meningitis. This systematic review aims to characterize the evidence regarding cerebrospinal fluid (1,3)-beta-d-glucan measurement to detect fungal meningitis. We searched PubMed for (1,3)-beta-d-glucan and each of several distinct fungi, cerebrospinal fluid, and meningitis. Summary data including diagnostic performance (where applicable) were...

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. The most common IFI are candidiasis, aspergillosis, pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and endemic mycoses. Clinical presentations are generally non-specific, and fungal etiologies are often suspected when immunocompromised patients present with respiratory symptoms and/or undifferentiated fever that do not respond to empiric antibacterial therapy. Moreover, early treatment can...

AbstractBackground. 1,3-beta-D Glucan (BDG) assay has good accuracy for distinguishing patients with invasive fungal infections from patients without. Some pro

Invasive fungal diseases are important clinical problems that are often complicated by severe illness and therefore the inability to use invasive measures to definitively diagnose the disease. Tests for a range of fungal biomarkers that do not require an invasive sample-collection procedure have been incorporated into adult clinical practice, but pediatric data and pediatric-specific recommendations for some of these diagnostic tools are lacking. In this review, we summarize the published...

The diagnosis of histoplasmosis is based on a multifaceted approach that includes clinical, radiographic, and laboratory evidence of disease. The gold standards for laboratory diagnosis include demonstration of yeast on pathological examination of tissue and isolation of the mold in the culture of clinical specimens; however, antigen detection has provided a rapid, noninvasive, and highly sensitive method for diagnosis and is a useful marker of treatment response. Molecular methods with...

We systematically reviewed and analyzed the available data for galactomannan (GM), β-D-glucan (BG), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assays to detect invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients with pediatric cancer or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation when used as screening tools during immunosuppression or as diagnostic tests in patients presenting with symptoms such as fever during neutropenia (FN). Of 1532 studies screened, 25 studies reported on GM (n = 19), BG...

<h2>Summary</h2><p>Invasive fungal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients, and early diagnosis and management are a challenge. We therefore did a review of the scientific literature to generate a series of key recommendations for the appropriate use of microbiological, histological, and radiological diagnostic methods for diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases. The recommendations emphasise the role of microscopy in rapid diagnosis and...

As culture-based methods for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in leukemia and hematopoietic SCT patients have limited performance, non-culture methods are increasingly being used. The third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-3) meeting aimed at establishing evidence-based recommendations for the use of biological tests in adult patients, based on the grading system of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The following biomarkers were investigated as...

Summary: Fungal infections are becoming more frequent because of expansion of at-risk populations and the use of treatment modalities that permit longer survival of these patients. Because histopathologic examination of tissues detects fungal invasion of tissues and vessels as well as the host reaction to the fungus, it is and will remain an important tool to define the diagnostic significance of positive culture isolates or results from PCR testing. However, there are very few instances...

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